Postwar+Collective+Security

//Matt Devlin//


 * Prompt:** Compare and contrast the efforts to ensure European collective security that were made by the victorious powers between 1815 and 1830 (after the Napoleonic Wars) with those made by the victorious powers between 1918 and 1933 (after WWI).

__Topic 1- Napoleonic Wars__
 * Congress of Vienna
 * led primarily by Metternich
 * Prime Minister of Austria
 * crushed rebellions
 * except for one in Greece since it weakened the Ottoman Empire
 * Established Monarchies to supress ideas of revolution
 * a "step back" for human rights
 * France was okay with this since:
 * Reign of Terror
 * terrifing and horrific experience


 * slightly irrelevant - but Metternich represented conservatism (going back to old ways; against sudden change through revolution) which was reflected by the author Edmund Burke wrote //Reflections on the Revolution in France//
 * **This was asked on the first practice AP test we took** **﻿**
 * So remember
 * Metternich = Burke
 * Same general ideas
 * Joseph de Maistre also advocated conservative ideas
 * All this can be verified on pages 612 and 613 of the book

__Topic 2- WW1__
 * League of Nations
 * Not quite all of Wilson's Fourteen Points
 * "By promoting humane aims and values across the international community, the League hoped that the causes of future wars could be done away with. In this, League members were shifting attention away from an understanding of security couched solely in terms of the needs of states towards a fuller appreciation of the needs of their individual inhabitants" (Housden).
 * France wanted to weaken Germany but not entirely destroy it
 * Prime minister Clemenceau
 * Demilitarization
 * War Guilt Clause
 * Article 231
 * destroyed German Economy
 * "Last month, Germany made its final reparations payment for the First World War. The Treaty of Versailles required Germany to pay an initial sum of 269 billion gold marks as reparation to France, Britain and the US. In 1924 and 1930 the country sold a series of foreign bonds to raise the necessary funds. It began to pay off the outstanding interest following German reunification on October 3rd, 1990. The last instalment was paid on October 3rd, 2010" (German reparations").
 * Kellog-Briand Pact
 * Germany pays in installments
 * France builds:
 * Maginot Line - concrete line of defense
 * Needed stronger economy
 * Dawes
 * Deficit spending
 * spending what we don't have with the idea that we'll get it back later

__Thesis:__ The efforts to promote collective security after the Napoleonic Wars and World War Two included new programs to help unite the postwar countries such as the Congress of Vienna and the League of Nations.

"German reparations." //History Today// 60.11 (2010): 7. //General Reference Center Gold//. Web. 24 Apr. 2011.
 * Bibliography:**

Housden, Martyn. "What makes our world safe? Balance of power? Collective security? Deterrence? What can guarantee peace?" //20th Century History Review// 4.2 (2009): 11+. //General Reference Center Gold//. Web. 24 Apr. 2011.