Copernicus+to+Newton

Dustin Pham

** How did the developments in scientific thought from Copernicus to Newton create a new conception of the universe and of humanity’s place within it? **  · Copernicus o // On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres // § Heliocentric theory · Universe consisted of 8 spheres with the sun motionless at the center · Brahe o Model of the solar system based on compromise of Copernicus and Ptolemy § The sun and planets revolved around the earth why the other planets revolved around the sun · Kepler o Three laws of planetary motion § #1 Orbits of the planets around the sun were elliptical not circular § #2 The speed of a planet is greater when closer to the sun § #3 Planets with larger orbits revolve at a slower average velocity than those with smaller orbits · Galileo o First to make systematic observations of the heavens with a telescope o // <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The Starry Messenger // § <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Revealed that the celestial bodies were not perfect and immutable as had been believed, but were composed of substance similar to the earth o // <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican // § <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Defense of the Copernican system · <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Newton o <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Invented calculus o <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Law of universal gravitation o // <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Principia // § <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mathematical proofs demonstrating his universal law of gravitation <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> § <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Every object in the universe was attracted to each other with gravity § <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The universe was one huge, regulated, and uniform machine that operated according to natural laws <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Thesis: Developments in scientific thought from Copernicus to Newton created the notion of the earth not being at the center of the universe, but the sun, and it even made humanity realize that they were not the heavenly beings in the universe.

<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">[]