Spanish+Expansion

Sabrina Aspiras
 * Expansion of the Spanish and Portuguese Empire**


 * overseas voyages mainly to spread Catholicism, find precious metals and new areas of trade "God, glory, and gold"
 * gold and silver deposits were found and exploited in Mexico and southern Peru
 * the old Indian cultures were replaced by new European culture, religion, and language
 * European voyagers brought diseases such as smallpox, typhus, and measles to the natives
 * new agricultural products such as potatoes, coffee, corn, and tobacco were imported
 * some men left Spain for Mexico in hopes that they could acquire landed estates


 * Portolani-** detailed charts made by medieval navigators and mathematicians in the 13th and 14th centuries, drawn on a flat scale, sailors used these to navigate before they realized the earth was actually round


 * Treaty of Tordesillas-** divided up the newly discovered world into separate Portuguese and Spanish spheres of influence, the route east around the Cape of Good Hope was Portuguese while route across Atlantic was Spanish


 * Audiencias-** advisory groups to the viceroy, also supreme judicial bodies

__Portugal:__


 * Prince Henry the "Navigator"-** wanted to discover Christian kingdom as an ally against the Muslims, spread Christianity, and find trade opportunities for Portugal


 * Bartholomeu Dias-** rounded Cape of Good Hope but didn't get any farher


 * Vaso de Gama-** rounded the cape and stopped at several ports controlled by Muslim merchants along the coast of East Africa, reached Calicut on the southwestern coast of India, arrived in search of "Christians and spices", came back with ginger and cinnamon


 * Alfonso de Albuquerque-** set up port facilities at Goa, on the western coast of India, captured Malacca on the Malay Peninsula which was important because it could help destroy Arab spice trade and provide Portuguese with a way station on the route to the Spice Islands


 * Pedro Cabral-** accidentally discovered South America and claimed Brazil for Portugal

__Spain:__


 * Spanish developed an administrative system based on viceroys, each viceroy served as the king's chief civil and military officer and was aided by advisory groups called audiencias


 * Christopher Columbus-** Italian but worked for the queen of Spain, used the //Santa Maria//, //Nina//, and //Pinta//, thought he reached Asia when he was actually in present-day Haiti, made four voyages to the Caribbean islands and mainland Central America


 * Ferdinand Magellan-** Portuguese but served under Spanish rule, sailed under the southern tip of South America (Strait of Magellan, anyone?) and reached the Philippines, first circumnavigation of the earth


 * Hernan Cortes-** landed at Veracruz on the Gulf of Mexico and then marched to the city of Tenochtitlan, made alliances with city-states that didn't like the oppressive rule of the Aztecs, Aztec leader Moctezuma thought he was a god, brought smallpox to the Aztecs


 * Encomienda-** system under Queen Isabella that allowed conquering Spaniards to collect tribute from the natives and use them as laborers, instead, Spaniards disregarded this and made the Indians their slaves using forced labor


 * Francisco Pizarro-** landed on the Pacific coast of South America with weapons, gunpowder, and horses, established a capital at Lima for a new colony of the Spanish Empire

López-Portillo, José-Juan. "Columbus, Christopher." //World Book Student.// World Book, 2011. Web. 26 Apr. 2011.

Parker, John. "Cabral, Pedro Álvares." //World Book Student.// World Book, 2011. Web. 26 Apr. 2011.