Industrial+Revolution

Sabrina Aspiras
 * Industrialization**


 * coal and steam power replaced wind and water power
 * factories replaced shop and home workrooms
 * steam engine was made because of the need for more efficient pumps to get rid of water in deep mines
 * more growth in cities


 * National System of Political Economy-** by Friedrich List, advocated a rapid and large-scale program of industrialization as a nation's best way to develop strength


 * Great Exhibition of 1851**- at the Crystal Palace in London, made of glass and iron, displayed Britain's wealth to the world, wanted to show human domination over nature


 * Joint-Stock Companies-** mobilized the savings of investors and created a supply of capital that could be put back into the industry

__Inventions:__


 * Thomas Newcomen steam pump-** "atmospheric engine", first engine


 * James Watt's steam engine-** used heat much more efficiently than Newcomen's engine and used less fuel, later applied to spinning and weaving cotton, replaced waterpower because it didn't have to be near a water source


 * George Stephenson's Rocket-** was used on the first public railway line which was thirty two miles from Liverpool to Manchester, only went 16mph


 * James Hargreaves' spinning jenny-** spinners could produce more yarn (8 threads to be exact)


 * Richard Arkwright's water frame-** powered by water or horse


 * Samuel Crompton's spinning mule-** combined aspects of the water frame and spinning jenny, replaced both


 * Edmund Cartwright's power loom-** allowed the weaving of cloth to catch up with the spinning of yarn


 * Eli Whitney's cotton gin-** removed seeds from cotton


 * Henry Cort-** developed a system called puddling" in which coke was used to burn away imporities in pig iron to produce an iron of high quality


 * Samuel Slater-** established the first textile factory using water powered spinning machines in Rhode Island in 1790


 * Harpers Ferry arsenal-** built muskets with interchangeable parts, American

__Social Impact:__


 * less deaths from famines, epidemics, and war (and increase in food supply) = decline in death rates
 * urbanization made some parts of cities really really unsanitary
 * children and woman were used for cheap labor


 * Edwin Chadwick-** //Report on the Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain//, secretary of Poor Law Commisission, advocated a system of modern sanitary reforms (wanted sewers and piped water)


 * Factory Acts-** children that were 9-16 could only work 12 hours a day, no employment of children under the age of 9


 * Coal Mines Act-** eliminated employment of children under 10 and women in mines