New+Monarchies;+England,+Spain,+France

Anne Marie Parkinson Compare and Contrast two New Monarchies and their key features and thier rise to power New Monarchies: Henry Tudor VII (England), Isabella and Ferdinand (Spain), and Louis XI (France)

Henry Tudor VII
 * rise to power
 * War of the Roses (1450)
 * civil war between Richard III (house of York; white rose) vs. Henry Tudor (house of Lancaster,red rose)
 * richard III defeated= Henry Tudor VII new king= beginning of Tudor dynasty
 * key features
 * Court of Star Chamber: torture for confession,no jury/trial
 * avoided civil wars
 * took away nobles private armies
 * didn't overburden w/ taxes and didn't call Parliment to ask for money= happy people

Isabella and Ferdinand King Louis XI (aka Spider)
 * rise to power
 * marriage of Isabella of Castille and Ferdinand of Aragon= unified most of Spain
 * key features
 * hermandedes ("brotherhood"):
 * like town officials
 * job=maintain the peace
 * Conversos
 * Inquisition(1478)
 * to make sure Jews and Muslims who converted to Chrsitianity didn't convert back
 * expelled >150,000 professional Jews and Muslims from Spain
 * actions in the New World:
 * (Isabella) Financed Columbus
 * Encomienda
 * after Cortes took over the Aztec Empire, she declared all of the natives subjects of Castille
 * allowed the conquistadors to use the natives for laber if they payed and protected them; they didn't and killed most of them by smallpox and overworking them
 * rise to power
 * succedded Charles VII
 * king after the 100 Years War (France vs England)
 * royal army and taille
 * Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges (1438): king controlls the Church
 * key features
 * growth of indusrty (esp. silk industry)
 * developed French national state ( brought French provines under royal control)

Thesis: Isabella and Ferdinand and King Louis XI each aquired legal succession of the throne and provided a more unified state, yet Isabella and Ferdinand had a less religious tolerant state.