Astronomy+in+the+16th+and+17th+Centuries

JOSEPH CHO
 * Describe the new astronomy of the 16th and 17th centuries and analyze the ways in which it changed scientific thought and methods **

New theories and discoveries in astronomy such as Copernicus’s heliocentric theory or Newton’s Law of Gravity drastically changed the world’s concept of science and methods as well as religion
 * Thesis: **

 - Ptolemy  l geocentric conception  l crystal spheres  l Church agreed with theory  - Copernicus  l //On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres//  u contradicted Ptolemaic theory  n Heliocentric theory  u but kept Aristotle's “circular orbits”  - Brahe  l twenty years' exact observations of planets  l student of Kepler  l combination of heliocentric and geocentric <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -18pt;"> - Galileo <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 100pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -20pt;"> l //Dialogue// <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 140pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -20pt;"> u defended heliocentric theory <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 140pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -20pt;"> u written in Italian rather than Latin = more widely available to the Public <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 100pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -20pt;"> l //Starry Messenger// <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 140pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -20pt;"> u Heliocentric <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 140pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -20pt;"> u Holy Office of Church said he could continue discussions as long as it was a mathematical equation, not a fact <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -18pt;"> - Three Laws of Planetary Motion <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 100pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -20pt;"> l planets orbit the focus point (sun) at an ellipse <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 100pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -20pt;"> l closer to sun = faster speed, planets with smaller orbits have a faster velocity <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 100pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -20pt;"> l eliminated idea of uniform circular motion and idea of crystalline spheres revolving in circular orbits <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 140pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -20pt;"> u Ptolemaic system = disproved - Newton <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 100pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -20pt;"> l //Principia// <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 140pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -20pt;"> u explained falling bodies on earth / motions of planets/comets/other celestial bodies <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 140pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -20pt;"> u laws of motion, theories of mechanics, mathematical terms of gravity, elliptical planetary orbits <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 100pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -20pt;"> l //Universal Law of Gravity// <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 140pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -20pt;"> u mechanistic universe but God is still apart of Earth <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 140pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -20pt;"> u explained all motion in the universe
 * Structure of Universe**
 * Laws of the Universe**