The+Catholic+Reformation

Sabrina Aspiras
 * The Catholic Reformation**
 * (Counter-Reformation)**


 * Saint Teresa of Avila-** Carmelite order nun that experienced visions that she claimed resulted int he ecstatic union of her soul with God, founded a new order of barefoot Carmelite nuns


 * The Theatines-** emphasis on reforming the secular clergy and encouraging the clerics to fulfill their duties, founded orphanages and hospitals to care for the war and plague victims


 * The Oratory of Divine Love-** informal group of clergy and laymen who worked to foster reform by emphasizing personal spiritual development and outward acts of charity, "philosophy of Christ"

__Jesuits:__


 * thought education of young people was crucial so they established highly disciplined schools
 * propagation of the Catholic faith among non-Christians
 * fight Protestantism
 * restored Catholicism in Poland, parts of Germany, and eastern Europe
 * executive leadership was a general that nominated all important positions in the order and was to be regarded as absolute head of the order


 * Ignatius of Loyola-** //The Spiritual Exercises// was a manual for spiritual development emphasizing exercises by which the human will could be strengthened and made to follow the will of God as manifested through the Catholic church


 * The Society of Jesus-** absolute obedience to the papacy, the use of education to achieve goals, a strict hierarchical order for the society, and a dedication to engage in "conflict for God"


 * Francis Xavier-** one of the original members of the Society of Jesus**,** preached Catholic Christianity to the East (India and Japan)

__Council of Trent:__


 * general council of Christendom to resolve the religious differences created by the Protestant revolt
 * reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings in opposition to Protestant beliefs
 * scripture and tradition were affirmed as equal authorities in religious matters, only church could interpret scripture
 * faith and good works were needed for salvation
 * seven sacraments, transubstantiation, and clerical celibacy were upheld
 * belief in purgatory and efficacy of indulgences


 * Pope Paul III-** formally recognized the Jesuits, summoned the Council of Trent, realized Catholic Church had to reform


 * Cardinal Caraffa aka Pope Paul IV-** increased the power of the Inquisition, "first true pope of the Catholic Counter-Reformation", created an Index of Forbidden Books


 * Index of Forbidden Books-** a list of books Catholics were not allowed to read**,** "unwholesome" authors, works of Protestant Theologians